HUMAN SECURITY ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF REALISM, LIBERALISM AND CONSTRUCTIVISM

Abstrak

Human security shifts the focus of security from the state to the individual, emphasizing the protection of “freedom from fear, freedom from want, and the freedom to live in dignity.” This article examines the conceptual foundations of human security, linking it to the seven dimensions introduced by UNDP (1994), while updating the empirical landscape through selected indicators (global food security, essential health service coverage, etc.). The analysis shows that intersecting crises—conflict, climate change, and economic shocks—create vulnerabilities across dimensions, requiring responses that are people-centered, comprehensive, contextual, and preventive, as emphasized by the UN General Assembly (A/RES/66/290). Policy implications highlight the need for integrated protection-empowerment strategies, strengthened data governance, and adaptive, risk-based financing.Keywords : Human security; UNDP 1994; A/RES/66/290; food security; UHC; climate risk; protection–empowerment.