Proceeding International Conference On Sustainable Environment And Innovation (ICOSEI)
Proceeding of The 1st ICOSEI 2025 International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Innovation Tema: Digital Transformation for Sustainable Future: Bridging Technology, Environment, and Society Research Scope: Sustainable Technology and Renewable Energy Information Technology for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Medical and Health Information Technology in Bio and Medical Informatics Agriculture Public and Policy Administration Smart City and Sustainable Regional Development IT Management and Governance E-Government and e-Governance e-Healthcare, e-Manufacturing, e-Commerce Business Management Artificial Intelligence Educational and e-Learning Communication Human Security ISBN: 9786340438796
Trehalose: A Key Stabilizer for Pandan Leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) Extract Powder
Fragrant pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) is recognized as an herbal plant with antimicrobial properties, and is frequently used as a natural green colorant and a distinct aroma enhancer in food. However, its fresh form has a limited shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of trehalose concentration on the physical and sensory characteristics of pandan leaf extract powder processed using a rotary vacuum dryer. Trehalose was employed to preserve volatile components. The optimal treatment was subsequently analyzed for its moisture content and antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research findings indicate that the addition of 5% trehalose (P1) was the most effective treatment, yielding a moisture content of 9.8% and an inhibition zone of 35.6 mm. This result demonstrates that trehalose is effective in stabilizing the extract while maintaining its antimicrobial activity.
Integration of Digital Learning Media in Religious Education: A Policy Framework for Sustainable Educational Innovation
Digital transformation in Islamic religious education is an urgent need to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on quality education. This research aims to develop a DIGITAL-PATRA (Digital-Integrated Religious Learning with Accessibility) that integrates digital learning media with Islamic religious education values. Using a conceptual framework development method through systematic literature analysis and policy synthesis, this study identified four main gaps in the existing approach: the unavailability of an integrated model that considers technological, pedagogical, and policy aspects holistically; the lack of an implementation framework that is adaptive to the local Indonesian context; the lack of measurable success indicators; and limited digital divide mitigation strategies. The developed DIGITAL-PATRA model consists of seven integrated components: Adaptive learning design, Integration of religious content-technology, Policy governance, Phased implementation, Appropriate technology, Universal accessibility, and Digital literacy. This research contributes to the development of sustainable Islamic religious education through a technological approach that is inclusive and responsive to the needs of Indonesia's digital society. Keywords:digital learning media, Islamic religious education, education policy, sustainable innovation, digital transformation
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHARIA VENTURE CAPITAL IN INDONESIA LEARNING FROM THE STRATEGY OF PT ASTRA VENTURA
Abstract. The development of startups and MSMEs in Indonesia in the last decade has shown rapid growth, supported by digitalization, internet penetration, and government policies. Data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs (2023) recorded 66 million MSMEs contributing 61.07% to national GDP. However, the main obstacle faced by is limited access to funding, especially in the early stage. Islamic venture capital is a potential solution with sharia-based principles that suit the needs of MSMEs and startups in Indonesia. This study analyzes the development opportunities of Islamic venture capital by taking lessons learned from PT Astra Ventura's strategy as one of the main players in this industry. Through a qualitative approach, this study examines the drivers, challenges, and strategies to strengthen the Islamic venture capital ecosystem. The results of the study are expected to provide recommendations for practical methods for the development of the Islamic venture capital industry in supporting the growth of MSMEs and startups in Indonesia.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Proceeding International Conference On Sustainable Environment And Innovation (ICOSEI)
Bridging English Learning: Google Translate, Between A Shortcut and A Supporting Translator (Case Study: University Students in English Classes)
This study investigates the role of Google Translate in the English learning process among Indonesian university students. The research on the application explores its functions as a shortcut, supporting translator, convenience tool, and potential learning aid. Adapting a qualitative descriptive method from Creswell, the study examines how students use Google Translate in various language tasks, including sentence construction, paragraph writing, and free-topic conversations. The data was collected through a case study involving University students in English classes, analyzing their practical use of the application. The findings reveal that students frequently rely on Google Translate to overcome vocabulary gaps and grammatical uncertainties. The research concludes that its use as a shortcut is higher than other possible reasons. However, its effectiveness as a supporting translator comes as the second highest reason, as it relies on students' awareness and critical application. When used as a supplementary tool for checking translations and exploring alternative phrasings, it increases language comprehension. Conversely, its use as a primary shortcut prevents the development of independent language skills. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on technology's role in second language acquisition, offering insights for educators to guide students toward more effective and critical use of digital tools.
Political Communication Strategy of Dedi Mulyadi in the West Java Gubernatorial Election: An Aristotelian Rhetorical Perspective within Sundanese Cultural Context
This research explores the political communication approach utilized by Dedi Mulyadi in the West Java Gubernatorial Election through the lens of Aristotle’s rhetorical theory—ethos, pathos, and logos—interpreted within Sundanese cultural traditions. Adopting a qualitative design, the study applies rhetorical discourse analysis to campaign artifacts such as speeches, online postings, promotional videos, and semi-structured interviews with observers and community members. The analytical framework includes the classification of rhetorical devices, identification of recurring themes, contextual interpretation based on local wisdom, and triangulation to strengthen data validity. Findings indicate that pathos was the most prevalent rhetorical mode, expressed through emotionally charged messages emphasizing someah hade ka semah (hospitality) and silih asih, silih asah, silih asuh (mutual affection, mutual learning, and mutual care). Ethos was constructed by projecting himself as an authentic Sundanese leader with a consistent track record of promoting cultural values. Meanwhile, logos appeared in fact-based arguments related to irrigation projects and rural economic empowerment programs tailored to citizens’ needs. The fusion of Aristotelian rhetoric with Sundanese cultural identity, mediated through digital platforms, effectively reinforced political credibility and emotional closeness with constituents. The study concludes that political communication strategies rooted in cultural heritage may function as adaptive models for campaigns in the digital age, particularly in regions with strong cultural orientations. These findings highlight the broader significance of integrating cultural traditions into persuasive political communication. Keywords: political communication, rhetorical analysis, Sundanese values, campaign model, West Java election
Indonesia–Singapore Defense Cooperation through the Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), 2022–2025
Defense cooperation between Indonesia and Singapore through the 2022–2025 Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) represents a bilateral strategy grounded in rational calculations to fulfill Indonesia’s national interests. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the DCA as a defense cooperation instrument that supports the strengthening of territorial sovereignty, enhancement of defense strategy, and improvement of Indonesia’s military operational efficiency. Drawing on K.J. Holsti’s concept of international cooperation, the state is understood as a rational actor operating within an anarchic international system to preserve its existence and national interests. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this research examines the implementation of the DCA through joint military exercises, defense technology transfers, Flight Information Region (FIR) management, and military personnel exchanges. The findings indicate that the DCA directly contributes to Indonesia’s national interests by reinforcing territorial sovereignty, increasing military capability and operational efficiency, and supporting defense modernization through technology transfer. Thus, the DCA serves as a strategic instrument that supports Indonesia’s defense needs in a measured and sustainable manner.
Dynamics of Policy Networks in Water Resource Management: A Study of Inter-Institutional Coordination in the Governance of the Citarum River Basin
Abstract. Managing water resources in the Citarum River Basin presents significant coordination challenges that involve numerous stakeholders operating within a complex and fragmented governance system. This research explores how policy networks function in Citarum River Basin governance through qualitative institutional analysis, drawing on theoretical frameworks from Rhodes (1997) and Marsh & Smith (2000). The study gathered data through detailed interviews with 18 organizations involved in the River Basin Water Resources Management Coordination Team (TKPSDA), examining power dynamics and informal relationships. Additionally, participant observation during coordination meetings provided insights into actual governance practices, while policy document analysis helped identify formal institutional rules. Findings indicate that the Citarum governance network operates as an issue network, characterized by flexible membership, sporadic engagement, and weak coordination mechanisms. The institutional framework shows clear hierarchical patterns with uneven resource allocation, where the Ministry of Public Works and Housing maintains control over formal authority and financial resources, while local governments and non-state actors have limited influence. TKPSDA has struggled to function effectively as a network facilitator due to structural limitations and power disparities. The research suggests transforming TKPSDA into a genuine policy community through institutional reforms, more equitable resource sharing, and the establishment of collaborative governance mechanisms. Keywords: policy networks, inter-institutional coordination, water resource governance, Citarum River Basin, network governance.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
Abstract. This study analyses the implementation of governance in Indonesia, focusing on the principles of good governance, bureaucratic reform, decentralisation, and the application of e-government. Using a descriptive analytical qualitative approach, this study reviews various academic literature, policy documents, and reports from relevant institutions. The research findings indicate that although Indonesia has made significant progress in regulatory and institutional frameworks, the implementation of good governance still faces major challenges. Key issues include a hierarchical bureaucratic culture resistant to change (Sedarmayanti, 2019), uneven human resource capacity among civil servants (Dwiyanto, 2015), and weak inter-institutional coordination (Turner & Hulme, 1997). The implementation of e-government has improved procedural transparency but has not significantly reduced corruption (Transparency International, 2023). This study concludes that improving government management requires a holistic approach that includes strengthening human resource capacity, simplifying bureaucracy, consistently applying good governance principles, and effectively utilising technology (Mardiasmo, 2020; Osborne & Gaebler, 2022). This research makes an important contribution to mapping the challenges and opportunities of government reform in Indonesia and recommends strategies to accelerate bureaucratic transformation. Keywords: government management, good governance, bureaucratic reform, decentralisation, e-government, Indonesia.
Capacity Analysis of Local Government Apparatus in Effective and Efficient Planning and Budgeting
Limited fiscal capacity is the main obstacle in regional development that requires Regional Governments to be able to prepare effective and efficient planning and budgeting. However, the capacity of the Regional Government apparatus in preparing the budget is also limited. This research aims to analyze the attitude of local government apparatus towards the planning and budgeting process and formulate policy recommendations to achieve effective and efficient planning and budgeting. The methodology used in this study is a desk study method by collecting data on three different managerial strata in the Garut Regency Regional Government apparatus. The results of the study showed that there was a disparity in knowledge between the apparatus, but the apparatus was willing and motivated to carry out effective and efficient planning and budgeting. Policies to support its implementation are the formulation of technical policies, capacity building of apparatus, improvement of information systems and optimization of the Regional Government Budget Team as well as intensifying planning and budgeting consultations. Keywords: Planning, Budgeting, Regional Government, Apparatus, Capacity Creswell, John Well, and J. David Creswell. 2018. 'Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches, 11th Edition'. Los Angeles: Sage Publication. Johnston, M. P. 2014. 'Secondary Data Analysis: A Method of which the Time Has Come'. Qualitative and Quantitative Method in Libraries (QQML):3:619-626, 2014. Kotler Philip and Keller Kevin. 2009. 'Marketing Management,13th Edition'. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Schiffman, Leon G and Leslie Lazar. Consumer Behavior, 10th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
The EFFEKTIVENESS OF VILLAGE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (BUMDES) IN COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN CIBIRU WETAN VILLAGE, BANDUNG REGENCY
. The implementation of BUMDes in Indonesia still faces challenges in realizing optimal community empowerment, including low community participation and inadequate service quality. This study analyzes the effectiveness of Mawa Raharja BUMDes in empowering the community of Cibiru Wetan Village, Bandung Regency. Qualitative methods with an analytical descriptive approach are used through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that BUMDes Mawa Raharja has succeeded in becoming a driver of the village economy and a reference model for various regions and abroad, creating community empowerment through the provision of jobs and local economic development. However, optimizing service quality and community participation still needs improvement. The novelty of this research identifies a model of BUMDes that is able to achieve international recognition while still facing the paradox between external success and the internal challenges of local community empowerment. Keywords: BUMDes, community empowerment, community participation
Integrating Socio-Technical Perspectives in University Learning: The Importance of Socio-Technical Inquiry Learning (STIL) for Preparing Competent Graduates
Contemporary higher education faces the challenge of preparing graduates who are not only technically competent but also possess high social awareness. This article analyzes the importance of integrating socio-technical perspectives in university learning through the Socio-Technical Inquiry Learning (STIL) framework. Through literature review and learning practice analysis, this research demonstrates that traditional learning focused solely on content mastery is inadequate for preparing students to face the complexities of the modern workplace. The STIL framework integrates six socio-technical system components with five inquiry learning stages (5E Model) to create authentic and meaningful learning experiences. Analysis results show that STIL implementation can enhance systems thinking abilities, generic science skills, and students' social awareness. The primary recommendation is the adoption of the STIL framework in university curricula to produce graduates ready to face complex and dynamic professional challenges.
Determination of Piperine Content in Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth and Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr
Piperine is an alkaloid compound found in plants of the Piperaceae family and is known to exhibit pharmacological effects such as anti-arthritic, anti-aging, and anticancer activities. Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth and Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr are members of the Piperaceae family with potential to contain piperine. This study aimed to analyze the piperine content in the extracts and fractions of both plants using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents. Quantification of piperine was conducted using UV-Visible spectrophotometry with methanol as the blank, and measurement was performed at a wavelength of 343.60 nm. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fractions of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth and Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr contained the highest piperine concentrations, at 52.981 mg PE/g and 44.413 mg PE/g, respectively
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Proceeding International Conference On Sustainable Environment And Innovation (ICOSEI)
Implementation of Anti-Bribery Management System ISO 37001 : 2016 in the Government
Abstract. The culture of corruption is an illegal act that often occurs in the public service sector. The occurrence of bribery and gratification is a type of corruption that often occurs in government agencies, both at the central and regional levels. This can lower the integrity and trustworthiness of an organization or institution in the eyes of the public. The implementation of System Anti Bribery Management based on ISO 37001:2016 is one way to prevent, detect, and address bribery practices. This study uses qualitative methods with a descriptive analytical approach. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of an anti-bribery culture in the central or regional government public service sector can be established if there is an awareness within each individual to always feel that they are being monitored in carrying out all activities, especially public services. Another factor is the commitment of leaders as role models for an anti-bribery culture, which is essential in creating a workplace environment that is both ethical and free from corruption. Leaders who consistently uphold anti-bribery behavior will set an example for all members of the organization and encourage them to do the same. An anti-bribery culture will be successful if leaders are committed to implementing a zero-tolerance policy toward bribery practices. Keywords: bribery, government, corruption, manajement system, public
The Influence of Motivation and Social Sharing on the Competitiveness of Cibunar Village, Tarogong Kidul District, Garut Regency
The competitiveness of Cibunar Village, Tarogong Kidul District, Garut Regency remains low due to the absence of strong motivation and limited social sharing between community members and village officials in driving village development. Motivation whether conscious or unconscious that prompts individuals to take purposeful action is critical for both the community and officials in achieving desired goals or deriving satisfaction from their efforts. When harnessed effectively, such motivation can trigger the emergence of a competitive village as a desirable place to live. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with a sample of 54 participants comprising village officials, community leaders, grassroots cadres, MSME actors, and youth organizations. The findings highlight the importance of integrating motivation and social sharing through low conflict, community building activities such as joint recreational events, which can strengthen collaboration and enhance village competitiveness. Keywords: motivation, social sharing, competitiveness
Indonesia's Nation Branding Strategy Through the International Geography Olympiad (iGeo) 2023: Enhancing International Tourist Visits to Bandung City Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global tourism sector, including Indonesia. Bandung City, as one of Indonesia's premier tourist destinations, experienced a drastic decline in international tourist arrivals from 252,842 in 2019 to merely 3,021 in 2020. This study analyzes Indonesia's nation branding efforts through hosting the International Geography Olympiad (iGeo) 2023 in Bandung City as a tourism recovery strategy. Employing a qualitative approach with literature review methodology, this research examines nation branding strategies based on Simon Anholt's six dimensions: exports, governance, culture, people, tourism, and investment. The findings reveal that iGeo 2023 successfully functioned as an effective cultural diplomacy platform, introducing Indonesia's geographical wealth, culture, and tourism potential to the international community. The event contributed to a gradual increase in international tourist visits to Bandung, reaching 38,570 in 2023, while strengthening Indonesia's image as a nation committed to education and environmental sustainability.
Computational Identification of Gingeronone A from Zingiber officinale as a Promising Caspase-1 Inhibitor for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment: Molecular Docking and ADMET Analysis
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multi-organ inflammation mediated by caspase-1, a critical enzyme in inflammasome activation, with current therapeutics facing significant limitations necessitating exploration of natural anti-inflammatory alternatives from Zingiber officinale (ginger) secondary metabolites. This computational study employed systematic molecular docking to evaluate thirteen major ginger metabolites against the caspase-1 receptor (PDB ID: 3GN8) using AutoDock Tools, complemented by comprehensive ADMET profiling via pkCSM and ProTox-II platforms, with dexamethasone as native ligand and colchicine as comparative control. Molecular docking revealed significant binding affinity variations (-5.53 to -10.08 kcal/mol) with strong structure-activity correlation (R² = 0.89), where gingeronone A demonstrated the most promising anti-inflammatory potential with binding energy of -10.08 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 0.04101 μM, approaching dexamethasone potency (-12.86 kcal/mol, Ki = 0.00037306 μM) while significantly outperforming colchicine (-9.80 kcal/mol, Ki = 0.06593 μM), forming critical hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residues CYS 205 and MET 73 that mirror dexamethasone binding patterns. ADMET analysis revealed superior pharmacokinetic profiles for gingeronone A including excellent human intestinal absorption (91.641%), favorable distribution characteristics (log VDss = 0.021 L/kg), outstanding drug-likeness score (90/100) compared to dexamethasone (64/100) and colchicine (56/100), and acceptable safety profile with LD₅₀ of 2000 mg/kg (class 4) and minimal organ-specific toxicity predictions. This investigation identifies gingeronone A as a promising lead compound from Z. officinale for SLE treatment through caspase-1 inhibition, combining superior binding affinity, favorable pharmacokinetic properties, and acceptable safety profiles, providing robust scientific foundation for experimental validation and demonstrating the value of integrating traditional medicine knowledge with modern computational drug discovery approaches for developing novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics targeting autoimmune diseases. Keywords: systemic lupus erythematosus, caspase-1, molecular docking, Zingiber officinale, gingeronone A, anti-inflammatory, ADMET
Organizational Culture Transformation to Enhance Institutional Credibility: A Qualitative Study At Al-Ghifari University
This research focuses on the the transformation of organizational culture at Al-Ghifari University and its role in enhancing institutional credibility. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and participant observation. The findings reveal that the cultural transformation involved reinforcing shared values, improving internal communication, promoting ethical leadership, and fostering collaborative engagement among academic and administrative staff. These changes strengthened stakeholder trust and positioned the university as a more credible and reliable institution in the eyes of the community. The study concludes that strategic cultural transformation can serve as a foundation for long-term credibility and sustainability in higher education institutions.
Navigating EUDR Implementation Complexity in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Network Analysis
Abstract. The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) creates complex implementation challenges for developing countries, yet empirical evidence remains fragmented across disciplines. This fragmentation impedes the development of effective implementation strategies that require comprehensive understanding of systematic challenges and success factors. Therefore, this research develops Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA) to identify key implementation challenges of EUDR due diligence systems in developing countries and map research landscape architecture to inform strategic research investment priorities. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines with Scopus searches using structured PICO framework, accompanied by VOSviewer bibliometric analysis to map co-occurrence networks of 341 keywords and identify temporal research evolution. Twenty-eight high-quality studies (mean MMAT score 91.2%) encompassing 15,000+ participants were synthesized with 90% thematic convergence validation between systematic findings and bibliometric network structure. Results identified three universal challenges: smallholder exclusion risks (86% study agreement), systematic institutional capacity gaps (79%), and multi-stakeholder coordination complexity (79%). Temporal analysis revealed research acceleration in the EUDR era with significant geographic bias (Southeast Asia 57% vs Africa 7%). This research contributes SLNA methodology as a framework for analyzing complex environmental governance and provides evidence hierarchy for EUDR implementation prioritization, with recommendations for mandatory smallholder inclusion mechanisms and substantial institutional capacity building investment as critical interventions. Keywords: EUDR, due diligence systems, smallholder exclusion, institutional capacity, multi-stakeholder governance.
NEUTRALITY OF THE STATE CIVIL APPARATUS IN THE 2024 PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION IN INDRAMAYU REGENCY
Research title ‘Neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus in the 2024 Presidential General Election in Indramayu Regency’. The phenomenon of the problem of ASN professionalism in maintaining neutrality during the election process in practice bureaucracy often fails to realise the principles of good governance, there are 2 ASNs who actively support or appear to be siding with certain candidate pairs on social media and a village head who uses state facilities for campaign purposes. The formulation of the research problem is how the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus in the 2024 Presidential General Election in Indramayu Regency. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse how the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus in the 2024 Presidential General Election. Descriptive research method qualitative approach. Data collection techniques library studies and field studies (observation, interviews and documentation). The results showed that the State Civil Apparatus has not been fair in choosing due to work pressures that influence the election process, not objective due to political intervention in choosing candidate pairs, covert bias arising from social relationships and work environment pressures, and there is ASN's partiality and involvement in social media. Keywords: neutrality, state civil apparatus, presidential general election
Dual-Action Preservatives: Improving Palm Sugar (Arenga pinnata Merr) Quality Using a Natural and Chemical Additive Combination
Traditional palm sugar production faces a major challenge due to the rapid fermentation of palm sap, which is caused by microbial contamination. The resulting decline in sap quality significantly affects the final quality of the palm sugar. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of natural preservatives and sodium metabisulfite in improving palm sugar quality. Specifically, the research focused on identifying the optimal type and concentration of natural preservatives and their interaction with sodium metabisulfite to maintain product quality. The results showed that a combination of 1.5% clove leaves and 0.2% sodium metabisulfite (p3k1) was identified as the most effective treatment. This optimal treatment yielded a moisture content of 6.361%, an ash content of 1.530%, and a reducing sugar content of 5.600%. Based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for palm sugar, these three parameters met the quality standard. However, the recorded sucrose content of 54.180% was still below the minimum SNI standard of 77.0%. Keywords: natural preservatives, palm sugar, quality, sodium metabisulfite.
Resource-Based View of Sustainable Human Capital: Cross-Country Analysis of VRIN Resources in HDI-GSCI Nexus
This study examines strategic human capital development by applying the Resource-Based View (RBV) framework to identify national resources that fulfill VRIN criteria (Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Non-substitutable) across countries. Using secondary data from Human Development Index (HDI) and Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index (GSCI), the research investigates how countries achieve sustainable competitive advantage in human capital development through strategic resource configurations. Cross-sectional analysis of 157 countries employs multiple regression, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Results reveal that social capital emerges as the most valuable and non-substitutable resource for human capital development, contributing 18.3% unique variance to HDI prediction. Intellectual capital provides 16.4% unique contribution, while governance performance adds 12.1%. Only fifteen countries (9.6% of sample) achieve rare resource configurations through simultaneous excellence across multiple dimensions, with Nordic countries demonstrating the most inimitable combinations through their distinctive social innovation model. These findings extend RBV theory to country-level analysis and provide empirical evidence for strategic human capital development policies.
THE ROLE OF THE GARUDA CONTINGENT IN THE UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING MISSION IN SOUTHERN LEBANON (2020–2024): ANALYSIS OF SUPPORTING FACTORS AND CONSTRAINTS OF TNI PERSONNEL
This study examines the role and capabilities of the Indonesian Garuda Contingent in the peacekeeping mission in Southern Lebanon under the mandate of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) during the 2020-2024 period. This study highlights the implementation of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI)'s primary tasks in supporting regional stability and analyzes the factors influencing the success and challenges faced by personnel during the mission. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including literature studies, official institutional reports, and in-depth interviews with relevant personnel. This study not only explains the role of the Garuda Contingent but also outlines the operational dynamics in the field. This study uses a Neorealist perspective and the concept of peacekeeping success as an analytical framework. The results indicate that professionalism, operational readiness, and pre-deployment training support are key factors driving mission effectiveness. Conversely, several identified obstacles include language barriers, cultural adaptation, psychological stress due to armed conflict, logistical limitations, and coordination challenges within the multinational command structure under the UN. This study recommends increasing personnel capacity and optimizing operational support systems as strategic steps to strengthen Indonesia's contribution to global peacekeeping missions. Keywords: TNI, UNIFIL, Garuda Contingent, Personnel Constraints
When Democracy Costs Too Much: Vote Buying, Clientelism, and the Indonesian Governance Paradox
This article investigates the paradox of Indonesian democracy, namely the intensification of vote buying in direct elections despite gradual improvements in macro governance indicators such as the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). Employing a scoping review and cross-country comparison (United States, Nigeria, Ghana, the Philippines, and Thailand), the study integrates three theoretical lenses: Rational Choice Theory, Clientelism, and the Market for Loyalties. Findings reveal that high political costs, weak party financing, and decentralized patronage networks encourage candidates to adopt vote buying as a rational electoral strategy. Simultaneously, macro-level institutional reforms have improved Indonesia’s international corruption perception scores. This paradox highlights a persistent gap between procedural and substantive democracy. The article proposes an integrative model and policy implications concerning political finance reform, electoral oversight, voter education, and future research agendas on digital-era vote buying.
Utilization of Eco-Friendly Sugar-Based Polymer as Chelating Agents for Reducing Water Hardness
High water hardness due to the content of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) is a serious problem in both the household and industrial sectors, as it can damage equipment and reduce process efficiency. Generally, the compound sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is used to address hardness, but it is non-biodegradable and has the potential to pollute the environment by causing eutrophication. This research aims to evaluate the potential of sugar polymer as an environmentally friendly alternative for reducing water hardness. The sugar polymer was synthesized through the polymerization reaction of sugar with oxalic acid at temperature variations of 90°C, 100°C, 120°C, and 140°C and reaction time variations of 10 and 20 minutes. The resulting synthesized sugar polymer was applied to a 36 dH water sample at a sugar polymer concentration of 10g/L of the water sample. Test results showed that the sugar polymer synthesized at 120°C for 20 minutes was able to significantly reduce water hardness from 36 dH to 11.22 dH. High temperatures in the synthesis process proved to increase the reaction effectiveness between the sugar polymer and calcium ions, whereas at low temperatures, the hardness reduction was less optimal. Reaction time also had an effect, especially at temperatures of 100°C and 120°C, but it had no effect at a temperature of 140°C. The sugar polymer resulted in an increase in the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value from 997 ppm to 1279–1380 ppm; this figure is still much lower than the TDS from the use of STPP, which is 4887 ppm. This indicates the advantage of sugar polymer over STPP, in addition to its advantages from a sustainability aspect. Overall, sugar polymer has great potential as a more environmentally friendly hardness-reducing agent; however, to match the effectiveness of STPP, which can reduce hardness to 1.67 dH, further optimization of the formulation and reaction conditions is still required. Keywords: Water hardness, sugar polymer, sodium tripolyphosphate, environmentally friendly
Public Policy, Patriarchal Culture, and Feudalism: Challenges in Combating Sexual Violence against Women in Indonesia
Sexual violence against women in Indonesia remains a serious issue despite the enactment of various regulations, including the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS). This study aims to evaluate the challenges and formulate measures that the government can undertake to address sexual violence by examining the interrelation between patriarchal culture, feudalism, and public policy. The research employs a literature review method, analyzing scholarly works, official data, and reports from relevant organizations. The findings reveal that the dominance of patriarchal culture and the legacy of feudalism constitute major structural factors that hinder the effectiveness of legal protection for victims. The implementation of the UU TPKS still faces significant obstacles, including delays in drafting implementing regulations, the lack of a victim-centered perspective among law enforcement officers, and the inadequate quality of victim recovery services. Furthermore, inter-agency coordination within the government remains weak, and human rights–based sexual education has not been widely integrated. The study concludes that structural reforms are urgently needed, encompassing the acceleration of technical regulations, institutional cultural reform, strengthening victim support services, and mainstreaming gender equality education across all sectors to ensure the effective prevention and handling of sexual violence. Keywords: Public policy, patriarchy, feudalism, women, sexual violence.
Physicochemical Analysis of Liquid Palm Sugar (Arenga Pinatta Merr)
Palm sugar is generally available in three forms: molded sugar (kerek), granulated sugar, and palm sugar. However, some are also produced in liquid form. Conventionally processed sugar is solid and quite hard, requiring consumers to slice and dissolve it before use. This is inefficient for consumers and traditional sugar producers, therefore it is necessary to develop sugar products in liquid form. Liquid sugar is a clear liquid, has a sweet, thick, and odorless taste. Liquid palm sugar or palm syrup can be obtained from fresh sap and brown sugar. Liquid palm sugar with sap as raw material, the processing process is the same as the process of making brown sugar, namely the sap that is being heated in the process of making brown sugar is removed before the sugar crystallizes. This study aims to obtain the best results from the analysis of liquid palm sugar based on physicochemical analysis. The methods used in this study are the Treatment Design Method, Experimental Design, Response Design. The best viscosity value from the analysis of liquid palm sugar based on physicochemical analysis taken from various producers is sample a3 with a viscosity value of 614 cps.
Indonesia-UK Cooperation in Promoting Carbon Markets and Just Energy Transition
Cooperation between countries is crucial in addressing the serious problem of climate change. This study aims to explain how Indonesia and the United Kingdom work together to support carbon markets and a just energy transition. The method employed is a qualitative approach, utilizing case studies and document analysis, supported by institutional liberalism theory and international cooperation, to understand how both countries cooperate. The results show that the cooperation helped improve Indonesia’s carbon emission recording system through SPEI, gave financial support through the UK PACT program, and shared knowledge about renewable energy. Indonesia also had the chance to strengthen its policies on clean energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The UK encouraged Indonesia to make the energy transition in a way that also supports social justice and sustainable development. This cooperation offers benefits to both countries, despite some challenges, including technical readiness and differing domestic policies. Overall, this cooperation brings positive impacts for Indonesia, such as better access to funding, new technology, and a stronger role in international climate diplomacy. Keywords: Indonesia, United Kingdom, Institutional Liberalism, International Cooperations, and Renewable Energy.
ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA'S ROLE IN SUPPORTING THE COP28 RESOLUTION TOWARDS THE 2050 NET-ZERO EMISSION TRANSITION
Indonesia faces a significant challenge in supporting the COP28 resolution towards achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, a crucial step in mitigating global climate change. This research aims to analyse Indonesia's strategic role in realizing these commitments using a neoliberal approach, which emphasizes the importance of international cooperation, free markets, and the role of state and non-state actors in environmental policy. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia has integrated green policies into its national development plans, strengthened international cooperation, and promoted green investment through carbon market mechanisms. The discussion revealed that the neoliberal approach allows the use of synergy between domestic policies and the global market in accelerating the clean energy transition in Indonesia. Indonesia's active role not only strengthens the negotiating position at COP28 but also has a significant impact on accelerating the fulfilment of the 2050 net-zero emission target regionally and globally. Keywords: Indonesia, COP28, net zero emission 2050. Neoliberalism and International Cooperation
ANALYSIS OF THE UTILIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN ENHANCING INNOVATION ACROSS VARIOUS MODERN BUSINESS SECTORS
This study examines how the use of artificial intelligence (AI) can help various types of businesses to become more new ideas. Conducting research using the literature review method, namely analyzing five journals and five books related to the use of AI in business with publications in the period 2019-2023. This study aims to identify the role and capabilities of AI for the scope of modern business, analyze the contribution of AI in increasing innovation in several types of businesses, and explore the challenges and strategies for its implementation. The results of research on increasing artificial intelligence in decision making, automation processes, largescale data analysis, efficient operations, and individual services. By using the introduction of innovation for business design, procedures, goods, and services. AI is able to provide evidence that artificial intelligence continues to drive ideas in various industries such as manufacturing, SMEs, e-commerce, and finance. Overcoming the obstacles experienced by artificial intelligence including high costs, lack of experience, ethics that are considered lacking, confidential data and problems experienced by the system. The conclusion of the study is that AI must be more integrated into the strategic business approach in increasing business competition in this digital technology phase by considering technology, individuals, processes, and culture.
Analysis of Community and Village Official Commitment to Village Government Identity Based on Local Wisdom in Cibunar Tarogong Kidul, Garut Regency
Abstract. The management of collective activities in villages rooted in the will of community members and the authority of locally respected figures determined through deliberative meetings represents a level of commitment increasingly rare in today’s public service. Such commitment is vital for sustaining governance and development without eroding the village’s unique identity as a dignified place for its inhabitants. This study aims to examine the influence of both community and village officials’ commitment on the preservation of village identity based on local wisdom. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were gathered from 54 participants, including village officials, community leaders, grassroots cadres, MSME actors, and youth organizations. The findings reveal that the combined commitment of community members and officials can significantly strengthen the identity of the village rooted in local wisdom. The study further provides local governments with a conceptual model of a village identity framework anchored in local cultural values. Keywords: commitment, village officials, village identity, local wisdom