Dynamics of Policy Networks in Water Resource Management: A Study of Inter-Institutional Coordination in the Governance of the Citarum River Basin

Abstrak

Abstract. Managing water resources in the Citarum River Basin presents significant coordination challenges that involve numerous stakeholders operating within a complex and fragmented governance system. This research explores how policy networks function in Citarum River Basin governance through qualitative institutional analysis, drawing on theoretical frameworks from Rhodes (1997) and Marsh & Smith (2000). The study gathered data through detailed interviews with 18 organizations involved in the River Basin Water Resources Management Coordination Team (TKPSDA), examining power dynamics and informal relationships. Additionally, participant observation during coordination meetings provided insights into actual governance practices, while policy document analysis helped identify formal institutional rules. Findings indicate that the Citarum governance network operates as an issue network, characterized by flexible membership, sporadic engagement, and weak coordination mechanisms. The institutional framework shows clear hierarchical patterns with uneven resource allocation, where the Ministry of Public Works and Housing maintains control over formal authority and financial resources, while local governments and non-state actors have limited influence. TKPSDA has struggled to function effectively as a network facilitator due to structural limitations and power disparities. The research suggests transforming TKPSDA into a genuine policy community through institutional reforms, more equitable resource sharing, and the establishment of collaborative governance mechanisms.Keywords: policy networks, inter-institutional coordination, water resource governance, Citarum River Basin, network governance.