DIPLOMASI KEMANUSIAAN TURKI MELALUI PENDEKATAN AKSI KEMANUSIAAN DI AFGHANISTAN DAN SOMALIA

Regi Rahmawati (1) , Dina Dina (2)
(1) Al-Ghifari University,
(2) Universitas Al-Ghifari

Abstrak

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir Turki telah menjadikan Diplomasi Kemanusiaan (HD) sebagai elemen penting dari kebijakan luar negerinya. Penelitian ini menganalisis Diplomasi Kemanusiaan Turki sebagai konsepsi peran dan kinerja peran dengan teori peran Breuning dengan berfokus pada dua kasus, Somalia dan Afghanistan, sebagai dua kasus terpenting Diplomasi Kemanusiaan Turki. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur melalui analisis buku, surat kabar, dan publikasi dari instansi terkait. Hasilnya, dapat dikatakan bahwa Diplomasi Kemanusiaan sebagai kebijakan luar negeri telah memberi Turki fleksibilitas dan ambiguitas yang cukup untuk menyatukan kemanusiaan dengan kepentingan. Pada saat yang sama, kepentingan kebijakan luar negeri Turki mulai menjadi lebih sah dan diterima dengan mengaitkannya dengan norma-norma yang dihormati secara luas. Terakhir, HD juga membantu Turki untuk mengkonsolidasikan identitas negara internasionalnya serta identitas domestiknya.

Penulis

Regi Rahmawati
International Relations
Dina Dina

Cara Mengutip

DIPLOMASI KEMANUSIAAN TURKI MELALUI PENDEKATAN AKSI KEMANUSIAAN DI AFGHANISTAN DAN SOMALIA. (2025). Global Mind, 6(2), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.53675/jgm.v6i2.1221

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Referensi

Akpinar, P. (2013). Turkey’s Peacebuilding in Somalia: The Limits of Humanitarian Diplomacy. Turkish Studies, 14(4), 735–757. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2013.863448

Altunişik, M. B. (2014). Turkey as an ’emerging donor’and the Arab uprisings. Mediterranean Politics, 19(3), 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2014.959761

Altunışık, M. B. (2020). The new turn in Turkey’s foreign policy in the Middle East: Regional and domestic insecurities. Istituto Affari Internazionali. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep29462.pdf

Aras, B., & Gorener, A. (2010). National role conceptions and foreign policy orientation: The ideational bases of the Justice and Development Party’s foreign policy activism in the Middle East. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 12(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448950903507453

Bevir, M., Daddow, O., & Hall, I. (2013). Introduction: interpreting British foreign policy. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 15(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x

Breuning, M. (1995). Words and deeds: Foreign assistance rhetoric and policy behavior in the Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom. International Studies Quarterly, 39(2), 235–254. https://academic.oup.com/isq/article-abstract/39/2/235/1820119

Breuning, M. (2011). Role theory research in international relations: state of the art and blind spots. Role Theory in International Relations, 16–35. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203818756-4/role-theory-research-international-relations-marijke-breuning

Brown, C., & Ainley, K. (2005). Understanding International Relations, Third Edition (Third).

Cantir, C., & Kaarbo, J. (2016). Domestic role contestation, foreign policy, and international relations. https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=UAATDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Cantir,+C.,+and+J.+Kaarbo.+2016.+Domestic+role+contestation,+foreign+policy,+and+international+relations.+Oxford:+Oxford+University+Press.&ots=visrxv-3ye&sig=KeAFzI9ipfjRXE4hfQqo531W0jE

Çevik, S., Sevin, E., & Baybars-Hawks, B. (2018). State–Civil Society Partnerships in International Aid and Public Diplomacy: The Case of Turkey and Somalia. Communicating National Image through Development and Diplomacy: The Politics of Foreign Aid, 169–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76759-8_8

Çitak, Z., Bedirhanolu, P., & Dölek, Ç. (2020). The Transformation of the State–Religion Relationship Under the AKP: The Case of the Diyanet. Urkey’s New State in the Making: Transformations in Legality, Economy and Coercion. https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=cPL2DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT214&dq=%C3%87itak,+Z.+2020.+The+transformation+of+the+state-religion+relationship+under+the+AKP:+The+case+of+diyanet.+In+Turkey%E2%80%99s+new+state+in+the+making+,+eds.+P.+Bedirhanoglu,+et.al.,+167%E2%80%9387.+London:+Zed+books.&ots=6-6v6b7PGl&sig=emnE-fzTApPz3HCnN2938ee07M0

Daily Sabah. (2021). Turkey’s foreign policy “enterprising and humanitarian”: FM. https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkeys-foreign-policy-enterprising-and-humanitarian-fm

Dal, E. P., & Erşen, E. (2014). Reassessing the “Turkish Model” in the Post-Cold War Era: A Role Theory Perspective. Turkish Studies, 15(2), 258–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2014.926238

Davutoğlu, A. (2013). Turkey’s humanitarian diplomacy: objectives, challenges and prospects. Nationalities Papers, 41(6), 865–870. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/turkeys-humanitarian-diplomacy-objectives-challenges-and-prospects/9945F3FA36B4C24F9ACD902B8E5F56B1

De Lauri, A. (2018). Humanitarian diplomacy: A new research agenda. CMI Brief, 4. https://www.cmi.no/publications/6536-humanitarian-diplomacy-a-new-research-agenda

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1995). Transforming Qualitative Apriliani, D., Hidayat, T., & Akim, A. (2022). Indonesian Commercial Diplomacy to Japan through the Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) in the Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 10(1), 25-33.

Research Methods: Is It a Revolution? Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 24(3), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124195024003006

Donelli, F. (2017). Features, Aims and Limits of Turkey’s Humanitarian Diplomacy. Central European Journal of International & Security Studies, 11(3). https://cejiss.org/images/issue_articles/2017-volume-11-issue-3/59-cejiss-cejiss-0317-electronic.pdf

Harnisch, S. (2011). Role theory: operationalization of key concepts. In Role Theory in International Relations, 7–15. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203818756-3/role-theory-sebastian-harnisch

Harroff-Tavel, M. (2005). THE HUMANITARIAN DIPLOMACY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS. N Relations Internationales, 121, 72–89.

Hatipoglu, E., & Palmer, G. (2016). Contextualizing change in Turkish foreign policy: the promise of the ‘two-good’ theory. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29(1), 231–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2014.888538

Holsti, K. J. (1970). National role conceptions in the study of foreign policy. International Studies Quarterly, 14(3), 233–309. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3013584

Kavakli, K. (2018). Domestic Politics and the Motives of Emerging Donors: Evidence from Turkish Foreign Aid. Political Research Quarterly, 71(3), 614–627. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45106686

Langan, M. (2017). Virtuous power Turkey in sub-Saharan Africa: the ‘Neo-Ottoman’ challenge to the European Union. Third World Quarterly, 38(6), 1399–1414. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1229569

Lauri, A. De. (2016a). The politics of humanitarianism. Power, ideology and aid. http://open.cmi.no/cmi-xmlui/handle/11250/2475398?locale-attribute=en

Lauri, A. De. (2016b). The politics of humanitarianism. Power, ideology and aid. IB Tauris. http://open.cmi.no/cmi-xmlui/handle/11250/2475398?locale-attribute=en

Malici, A., & Walker, S. (2016). Role theory and role conflict in US-Iran relations: Enemies of our own making. Taylor & Francis. https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=YiAlDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Malici,+A.,+and+S.G.+Walker.+2016.+Role+theory+and+role+conflict+in+U.S.-Iran+relations.+&ots=xg5VFe5Ggc&sig=kmqjj9bcps0q0Sq43GW1Ps11hds

Minear, L., Smith, H., & University, U. (2007). Humanitarian diplomacy :: practitioners and their craft /: edited by Larry Minear and Hazel Smith. UN Library. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/602125

OCHA. (2013, September 26). UN General Assembly: Turkey announced as host of 2016 World Humanitarian Summit. https://www.unocha.org/story/un-general-assembly-turkey-announced-host-2016-world-humanitarian-summit

OHCHR. (2021, August 28). OHCHR and protecting human rights in humanitarian crises | OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/humanitarian-crises

OVAH, Şevket. (2013). Decoding Turkey’s Lust for Regional Clout in the Middle East: A Role Theory Perspective. Journal of International and Area Studies, 20(1), 1–21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43111512

Özdamar, Ö. (2016). Domestic sources of changing Turkish foreign policy toward the MENA during the 2010s: A role theoretic approach. Domestic Role Contestation, Foreign Policy, and International Relations, 105–120. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315623580-11/domestic-sources-changing-turkish-foreign-policy-toward-mena-2010s-role-theoretic-approach-%C3%B6zg%C3%BCr-%C3%B6zdamar

Özdamar, Ö. , Halistoprak, B. T. , & Sula, İ. E. (2014). From good neighbor to model: Turkey’s changing roles in the Middle East in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 11(42), 93–113. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uidergisi/article/553302

Rachmawati, M. (n.d.). The Development of Online Platform for Humanitarian Logistics. Journal.Oscm-Forum.Org. Retrieved September 20, 2023, from https://www.journal.oscm-forum.org/journal/proceeding/download_paper/20191207221150_OSCM_2019_paper_176.pdf

Rahmawati, R., Nur, P., F, A., Maulana, M. I., Heriansyah, H., & Andrianto, I. (2021). HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN DIPLOMASI KEMANUSIAAN: Human Rights and Humanitarian Diplomacy. Global Mind, 3(1), 50–69. https://journal2.unfari.ac.id/index.php/globalmind/article/view/219

Régnier, P. (2011). The emerging concept of humanitarian diplomacy: identification of a community of practice and prospects for international recognition. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(884), 1211–1237. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-the-red-cross/article/emerging-concept-of-humanitarian-diplomacy-identification-of-a-community-of-practice-and-prospects-for-international-recognition/6A3BEC19AF1EE554C9EDA7DCC8E8CCEB

Roberts, A. (1999). The role of humanitarian issues in international politics in the 1990s. International Review of the Red Cross, 81(833), 19–43. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-the-red-cross/article/role-of-humanitarian-issues-in-international-politics-in-the-1990s/0852E9EF2DB7DBC46B2AEF39C2574ADB

Tepeciklioğlu, E., & Tepeciklioğlu, A. (2021). Turkey in Africa: A new emerging power? Routledge. https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=P_guEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Eyrice+Tepeciklio%C4%9Flu,+E.,+and+A.O.+Tepeciklio%C4%9Flu,+eds.+2021.+Turkey+in+Africa:+A+new+emerging++power%3F,+London:+Routledge.&ots=Q1jarq_CRh&sig=TyZxaJuQUHC6UGXTsiBjUW03Hiw

Thies, C. G. (2017). Role theory and Foreign Policy Analysis in Latin America. Foreign Policy Analysis, 13(3), 662–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/FPA.12072/18086635/FPA.12072.PDF

TİKA. (2017). Turkish Development Assistance Report 2017. https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/2019/Turkish%20Development%20Assistance%20Report%202017/Kalkinma2017EngWeb.pdf

TİKA. (2019). TURKISH DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE REPORT. https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/sayfa/publication/2019/TurkiyeKalkinma2019WebENG.pdf

Turhan, Y., & Bahçecik, Ş. O. (2021). The agency of faith-based NGOs in Turkish humanitarian aid policy and practice. Turkish Studies, 22(1), 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2020.1756786

Turunen, S. (2022). Humanitarian Diplomacy at the United Nations. CMI.

Wehner, L. E. (2020). The narration of roles in foreign policy analysis. Journal of International Relations and Development, 23(2), 359–384. https://doi.org/10.1057/S41268-018-0148-Y

Artikel paling banyak dibaca berdasarkan penulis yang sama